“ Bronchiolar and peribronchiolar inflammation of the bronchioles leads to submucosal and peribronchiolar fibrosis. This causes an obstructi...
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Bronchiolar and peribronchiolar inflammation of the bronchioles leads to submucosal and peribronchiolar fibrosis. This causes an obstruction of the bronchial lumen, also known as obliterative bronchiolitis. Associated with transplantation (e.g. bone marrow/graft vs. host—up to 10%; lung transplant), viral infection (known as Swyer-James or MacLeod syndrome in children), toxin inhalation, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease and drug reactions (bleomycin, gold, cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and amiodarone).
HRCT
• Air-trapping on expiratory scans (i.e. mosaic perfusion pattern)—this is classic and due to obstruction of the small airways.
• Bronchiectasis (i.e. dilated and thick-walled).
• Centrilobular ground-glass opacification.
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