“ Myeloid hyperplasia is the repopulation of yellow (fatty) marrow with red marrow (haematopoietic cells). It occurs when the haematopoietic...
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Myeloid hyperplasia is the repopulation of yellow (fatty) marrow with red marrow (haematopoietic cells). It occurs when the haematopoietic capacity of the existing red marrow in an adult is insufficient. This could be due to an increased physiological requirement (e.g. long-distance running), chronic anaemia (e.g. sickle cell disease) or treatment with chemotherapy containing granulocyte-macrophage colonystimulating factor.
MRI
• Yellow marrow is high signal on T1, mildly hyperintense on T2.
• Red marrow is mildly T1, T2 and STIR hyperintense.
• Features suggesting malignant marrow infiltration: random distribution, enhancement with gadolinium, destruction of the bone cortex or a soft tissue mass.
• Haemochromatosis and Gaucher disease may cause bone marrow to be low signal on both T1 and T2.
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