“ Arises from increased levels of calcium in the circulation, mostly due to primary hyperparathyroidism, medullary sponge kidney, increased...
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Arises from increased levels of calcium in the circulation, mostly due to primary hyperparathyroidism, medullary sponge kidney, increased vitamin D, renal tubular acidosis (most common cause in children) or milk-alkali syndrome.
US
• Renal pyramids may appear echogenic (i.e. calcified).
CT
• The pattern of calcification points to the underlying pathology—confluent calcification in renal tubular acidosis and punctate calcification in medullary sponge kidney.
(a) Plain abdominal x-ray shows prominent, bilateral medullary nephrocalcinosis (white arrow). (b) Ultrasound of the thyroid gland (longitudinal view) shows a well-defined lesion at the base of the gland in keeping with a parathyroid adenoma (white arrow).
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