“ Think of this when there is involvement of the nasal cavities, paranasal sinuses and the orbits. Carcinoma is the principal differential. ...

“ This is the most common benign tumour of the parotid tail. Patients are typically aged 50-70 years. US •   Well-defined heterogeneous mas...

“ This may be due to causes including iatrogenic (postoperative/intubation), trauma, thyroid/parathyroid neoplasm, lymphadenopathy and tumou...

“ This is a posterior nasopharyngeal cyst. It is common and benign. It is filled with proteinaceous material that will intermittently disch...

“ This is a retention cyst arising from the sublingual gland.  The simple type is confined to the sublingual space; the diving type extends ...

“ The rule of 80%: pleomorphic adenoma accounts for 80% of benign parotid tumours,   80% of pleomorphic adenomas occur in the parotid and  8...

“ These are rare. In total, >50% arise from the nasal septum.  An inverting papilloma is where the lesion arises from the lateral nasal c...

“ In total, 80%-90% are SCCs.  It is often clinically silent or may present with an obstructive sinusitis and bone destruction.  Esthesioneu...

“ ‘Carotid body tumour’. These arise at the carotid bifurcation and splay the internal and external carotid arteries . They typically occur ...

“ •   Carotid body tumour •   Hypervascular lymph nodes •  Schwannoma ” For Radiology Cases, Discussion join: Radiology Made Easy on Faceboo...

“ This is the most common malignant salivary gland primary. It is a high-grade tumour. CT •   Heterogeneous, enhancing mass with cystic area...

“ Associated with smoking and alcohol. In total, 90% are squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), rarely adenoid cystic carcinomas (these character...

“ This is the most common benign nasopharyngeal tumour. The typical scenario is a teenaged boy with epistaxis.  These are highly vascular tu...

“ Mostly from aspergillus or mucormycosis. CT •   Bone erosion is seen with allergic sinusitis—look for polyps. •   Extension outside the si...

“ Air-fluid levels and mild mucosal thickening is only indicative with a relevant history. Usually a viral aetiology. Complications of sinus...

“ This is a paediatric emergency. It is due to congenital failure of perforation of the oronasal membrane . It is associated with malrotatio...

“ This is the most common carcinoma of the minor salivary glands. MRI •   Small lesion with poor encapsulation •   Spreads along the VII ner...

“ •   Childhood neck masses are benign in 90%; malignancy in this age group is most likely rhabdomyosarcoma or lymphoma. •   90% of adult ne...

“ •   Peripheral enhancement/central necrosis •   Extracapsular spread •   Conglomerate nodal masses •   Round shape, heterogeneous ” For Ra...

“ •   Positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography is highly sensitive for diagnosis and follow-up of head and neck cancer. •   St...