This is the most common rhizomelic dwarfism and is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern . The most significant complication is b rai...

“ •   Ehlers-Danlos syndrome •   Neurofibromatosis •   Marfan syndrome •   Morquio syndrome •   Acromegaly •   Achondroplasia •   Ankylosing...

“ Congenital abnormality of vertebral segmentation. Fusion of the vertebral bodies and posterior columns at C2/3 is the most common variant ...

“ Leukaemia is the important diagnosis of exclusion. •   Syphilis •   Physiological •   Caffey disease •   Rickets •   Juvenile idiopathic a...

“ Defined as any idiopathic arthritis presenting at less than 16 years of age and of >6 weeks’ duration; 80% of patients present by 7 yea...

“ Autosomal recessive inherited defect in methionine metabolism leading to a build-up of homocysteine in the blood and urine. There is a de...

“ Rare autosomal dominant syndrome , also known as heart-hand syndrome as it causes upper limb and cardiac abnormalities (arrhythmia and atr...

“ Causes include septic arthritis, transient synovitis and juvenile idiopathic arthritis. US •   Bulging of the anterior joint capsule •   ...

“ An X-linked disease (therefore only males are affected) due to a deficiency of either factor 8 or 9. Haemophilia arthopathy arises from ...

“ FRACTURES The paediatric skeleton is more prone to fracture than an adult’s due to a greater proportion of collagen and cartilage (though ...

“ Type Description Syndrome association Rhizomelic Proximal limb shortening relative to distal Achondroplasia Mesomelic Distal limb shorteni...

“ Trisomy 21 is the most common chromosomal abnormality; diagnosis may be prenatal or postnatal. Characteristic features include typical fac...

“ Classification α angle Description 1 >60° Mature hip 2A 50–59° Physiological <3 months 2B 43–49° Concentric but unstable 3 <43° D...

“ This is more common in girls and is often undetected until adulthood. It is associated with a breech delivery , positive family history, ...

“ Bilateral clavicular osteolysis is associated with cleidocranial dysplasia, rheumatoid arthritis and hyperparathyroidism . It is the most ...

“ This is a rare, autosomal dominant condition that affects membranous bone formation and causes delayed ossification of midline structures....

“ The cervical s pine reaches adult proportions by age 8-10 years; beyond 12 years , the effects of cervical spine trauma are similar to tho...

“ This is a rare, benign, self-limiting condition also known as infantile cortical hyperostosis. I t occurs in those aged  less than 6 month...

“ Refers to the most common appearance of subacute osteomyelitis, typically occurs from ages 2 to 15 years and is mostly due to  S. aureus. ...

“ Deformity arising from an insult occurring to the medial aspect of the proximal tibial epiphysis during development , also known as tibia...